Social benefits: improved health and sanitation: reduced morbidity: access to high-quality and safe drinking water dramatically reduces the risk of spreading infectious diseases transmitted through water (cholera, dysentery, hepatitis A). Improved hygiene: centralized water supply provides the opportunity to maintain high standards of personal hygiene and sanitation in everyday life. Improved quality of life: comfort: eliminating the need to independently extract, transport and purify water, which significantly increases the level of household comfort. Saving time and resources: freeing up time that was previously spent on solving water problems, which is especially important for women and children. Job creationSocial costs: disruption of transport and infrastructure, street closures, traffic restrictions, destruction of road surfaces, which causes congestion and complicates access to homes and businesses. Noise, dust and vibration: the operation of heavy machinery negatively affects the quality of life of residents of nearby areas.

Environmental benefits: reduced water losses - new networks (especially made of modern materials such as polyethylene) minimize leaks, which are a significant problem in old systems. This leads to more efficient use of water sources. Improved water quality - new pipes prevent secondary water pollution by rust, sediment and foreign impurities, providing cleaner drinking water for consumers. Prevention of infiltration - sealed new pipes prevent contaminated water or hazardous substances (e.g. from bursts or accidents) from seeping into the soil and groundwater. Environmental costs: emissions into the atmosphere: the operation of construction equipment (diesel fuel) leads to emissions of CO, NO2 and dust. Noise pollution: the operation of equipment creates discomfort for fauna and residents.

Indirect benefits: investment attractiveness, development of new industries, increase in real estate value, Indirect costs: transport inconvenience, temporary disruption of communications, modernization/connection costs.