Detailed description of the construction of a radiation shelter (RS) for civil protection purposes 1. General information - purpose of the RS, regulatory framework, location requirements 1.1. Purpose of the radiation shelter (RS) The RS is designed as a protective structure for civil protection, which should create appropriate conditions for the stay of people who are subject to shelter for 48 hours. The main purpose of the RS is to provide protection by eliminating or reducing the predicted effects of dangerous factors that may arise as a result of emergency situations, hostilities and terrorist acts. The protective properties of the RS provide for reducing the effects of the following factors: ionizing radiation. air shock wave. high temperatures. penetration of debris. This designed structure belongs to the P-5 group. The design capacity of the shelter is 335 people, including students and employees of the educational institution. 1.2. Regulatory framework The project was developed in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory legal acts and standards of Ukraine, in particular: DBN V.2.2-5:2023 "Civil defense protective structures". DBN V.2.2-40:2018 "Buildings and structures. Inclusivity of buildings and structures" (regarding accessibility for low-mobility population groups). DBN V.1.1-7-2016 "Fire safety of construction objects". DBN A. 3.1-5-2016 "Organization of construction production". The minimum calculated protective parameters of the PRU (in accordance with DBN V.2.2-5:2023) should be: radiation attenuation coefficient (protection coefficient) - 200; excessive air shock wave pressure - 100 kPa. The actually calculated protection factor for this structural scheme is 532.70, which exceeds the required minimum. 1.3. Requirements for the location of the PRU is a buried separate structure, one-story, located below ground level. The object belongs to the consequence (liability) class SS2. The depth of the building's burial from ground level (depth of the pit) is -4.1 m. A sports ground is provided for on the surface of the protective structure. 2. Structural elements - walls, ceilings, entrances/exits, sealing, ventilation 2.1. Main structures The building has a rectangular shape in plan, the dimensions of which are 57.3x20 m. The height of all internal premises - 2.8 m. Structural scheme: Rigid, with longitudinal and transverse load-bearing walls. Foundations: Strip made of monolithic reinforced concrete on a monolithic concrete preparation (or pile with a monolithic grillage made of concrete class C12/15). Walls: External and internal walls are designed from prefabricated concrete blocks (Рmak = 1630 kg) according to DSTU B.V.2.6-108:2010, solid from heavy concrete class C8/10. Flooring: Individual prefabricated reinforced concrete panels (Рmak = 3780 kg). Thermal insulation: The walls and ceilings of the building are insulated with extruded polystyrene foam CARBON PROF (Y = 22-42 kg/m³). Partitions: In bathrooms they are made of ceramic bricks. Other partitions - from ceramic bricks. 2.2. Entrances and exits Number and width: 2 dispersed entrances with 1.35 m wide stairs are provided. Protective elements: Additional protection from debris and radiation contamination is provided by spacious vestibules. Rooms for storing contaminated clothing are located next to the entrances. Division: The protective structure is divided into 2 fire compartments, each of which has a separate exit directly to the outside. Doors: Protective doors for the PRU (D-1) are installed. Fire doors are provided in categorized rooms (for example, a diesel generator room). Doors on the evacuation routes are sealed in shelters and equipped with self-closing devices, opening in the direction of evacuation. 2.3. Ventilation and sealing Ventilation: The PRU is equipped with a ventilation system for the clean ventilation mode - mode I (for 48 hours). Equipment: Air supply is carried out by electric manual fans ERВ-4 (4 pcs) (also mentioned 2 pcs). Supply air is cleaned by FyaRB filters (7 pcs), as well as before PFP 1000 filters (4 pcs) for cleaning from radioactive dust. Air ducts: Made of thin-sheet galvanized steel of class B. Supply air ducts supplying cold outside air are covered with thermal insulation from foil insulation. Sealing: Hermetic valves with a manual drive are used to switch ventilation modes. Overpressure valves are installed in the vestibule between the storage and the diesel generator (DEG). Sealing of pipes and electric cables through the walls is also provided. 3. Construction technology - stages of work, materials, quality control 3.1. Stages of work The construction of the PRU is provided in one turn without division into start-up complexes. The duration of construction is 7.0 months. Preparatory period: Fencing of the hazardous area (height not less than 2 m from metal corrugated sheeting), arrangement of entrances and information boards, placement of temporary household premises outside the hazardous area, temporary connection to existing water supply and electric lighting networks, cutting of the fertile soil layer. Main period (Earth and construction and installation works): Development of the excavation pit (EO-4323 excavator, D-606 bulldozer), with subsequent manual deepening to the design marks. Arrangement of strip foundations from monolithic reinforced concrete according to concrete preparation. Installation of walls from prefabricated concrete blocks and laying of prefabricated reinforced concrete floors (using a crawler crane MKG-25). Backfilling and external insulation: Backfilling of the sinuses of the trenches and the pit should be carried out with local soil with layer-by-layer tamping to a compaction coefficient of Kushch. =0.95. Thermal insulation of the walls and coating with extruded polystyrene foam. Engineering and finishing works: Laying external engineering networks (water supply, sewage, power supply) after the completion of the construction of the PRU building itself. Internal finishing works should be started only after arranging openings, partitions, laying internal engineering networks, sealing joints and checking the ventilation system. Internal decoration: silicate painting on plaster and ceramic tiles (in bathrooms). Final stage: Improvement of the adjacent territory and restoration of damaged areas. A sports ground with a rubber crumb coating is arranged on the surface of the PRU. 3.2. Quality control Quality control of construction products is carried out in accordance with the work production project (PVR) and DBN A. 3.1-5-2016. The customer organizes a technical supervision service. Important elements of control are: Acts for hidden work: Mandatory drawing up of acts for the arrangement of partitions, preparation of openings, installation of fasteners, waterproofing of floors, as well as hydraulic testing of internal water supply. Measurements: It is necessary to measure the exposure dose rate of gamma radiation and the concentration of radon-222 (ERK), drawing them up in the form of acts. Certification: All materials, especially imported ones, must be certified in Ukraine. 4. Engineering systems - water supply, electricity supply, lighting, communications 4.1. Water supply and sewage Water supply: Provided from the existing external water supply network (input f50x3.0). It is planned to install a commercial water metering unit. Water supply: A separate room is provided for the creation of a drinking water supply and the installation of a 2000 l Euro Plast plastic container. Calculation of the drinking water supply - 3 l/day per sheltered person. Sewage: Wastewater from sanitary appliances is drained by gravity sewer (K1) to the MSS.12.3.2 sewage pumping station, from where it is sent to the external sewage system on the territory by a pressure pipeline. Emergency mode: In case of a power outage, a Grundfos manual membrane sewage pump has been designed. A bathroom with an emergency tank is also provided. 4.2. Power supply and lighting Reliability: Power supply reliability category - second (from an external power source and diesel generator). Fire protection system electrical receivers belong to category I. Backup power supply: It is provided by a built-in diesel power plant (DPP) -380V/44kVA JET PE-R44SA (power 34 kW). Switching from the main to the backup power supply is carried out automatically using the ATS-0.4kV module. Networks: A radial electricity distribution scheme is adopted. The networks are laid with VVGngd cable. In the corridor for laying electrical equipment networks, a route of metal trays is provided along the wall at a height of h-2.35 m. Lighting: Working lighting is provided in all rooms. Emergency lighting is provided on evacuation routes and in technical rooms (DPP, electrical panel, ventilation chamber, KNS). LED lamps are used. 4.3. Communication and automation systems Communication (Internet): Arrangement of a wired Internet system with RJ-45 connection points near each teacher's workplace. Networks are assembled on a switchboard in a switchboard cabinet at the command post. Automation (AK): As part of the automation project, the following were implemented: a gas alarm for premises, a system for monitoring the status of fire hydrants and controlling a booster pump on the fire water main, as well as a diesel fuel leak alarm. Notification: A set of equipment for the evacuation control system (CO) of the CO-3 type is provided, which includes the broadcast of voice alarm messages, light indicators "Fire", "Exit". 5. Safety and operation - rules of maintenance, inspections, adaptation for persons with disabilities 5.1. Adaptation for low-mobility population groups (MGN) All design decisions were made taking into account the requirements of DBN V.2.2-40:2018. Access: Access to the PRU is provided by means of vertical lifts at each of the 2 entrances. Navigation: Tactile navigation has been implemented in the form of tactile signs (in particular, duplicated in Braille), markings on handrails, as well as contrasting markings on stairs, thresholds and doorways. Sanitary facilities: 2 sanitary facilities adapted for use by disabled persons are provided. Evacuation routes: The width of doorways and corridors ensures unhindered movement of disabled persons. A light method of notification is provided for visual notification of persons with hearing impairments. 5.2. Rules for maintenance and inspection Operation: Commissioning and further maintenance of the Central Emergency Management System is carried out in accordance with the procedure approved by the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 10.03.2017. Readiness: The estimated time to bring the PRU into readiness for receiving the population does not exceed 24 hours. Reliability: The building has an estimated service life of 100 years. Inspection: The first scheduled inspection of the technical condition of the facility put into operation is carried out 4.5 years (54 months) after the completion of construction. Current inspections: It is necessary to maintain the alert system and evacuation facilities in constant readiness. Fire hydrant sets are subject to technical maintenance at least once every 6 months. Equipment: The PRU is equipped with: seating/lying areas, containers with drinking and technical water (in the absence of centralized water supply), containers for food, primary fire extinguishing equipment, medical aid, communication equipment (telephone, radio station, radio receiver) and trench tools. 6. Conclusion – The importance of the PRU for the civil protection of the community The new construction of the anti-radiation shelter (PRU) is of critical importance for the civil protection of the community, especially for ensuring the safety of participants in the educational process of the Mykhailivsky Lyceum. The designed set of measures, including engineering and technical measures of civil protection (ITZ CZ), is aimed at increasing the level of safety and resistance of the facility to the effects of dangerous factors, such as ionizing radiation and air shock wave. The protective structure, designed with a protection factor exceeding regulatory requirements (Kzf = 532.70 with the required 200), provides reliable shelter for 335 people for 48 hours. The implementation of modern engineering systems (backup power supply from the DPP, ventilation systems in the clean ventilation mode, emergency water supply and drainage) guarantees the autonomy and life support of people taking shelter, even in case of emergency situations. In addition, the full adaptation of the facility for people with reduced mobility (LMV) confirms its inclusive and humanitarian nature. Thus, the commissioning of the PRU is a necessary step to minimize risks and ensure the protection of the civilian population in the area of potential radioactive contamination.
Budget49'189'558 UAH
Implementation period8 months